Usoro nhazi

Compost na-atụgharị nri anụ ọkụkọ ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo fatịlaịza organic

1. Na usoro nke composting, anụ ụlọ nri, site na omume nke microorganisms, amama organic okwu nke siri ike na-eji site na mkpụrụ osisi na akwukwo nri kụrụ n'ime nri ndị dị mfe itinye na mkpụrụ osisi na akwukwo nri kụrụ.

2. Okpomọkụ dị elu nke ihe dị ka 70 Celsius C nke a na-emepụta n'oge usoro nhazi nwere ike igbu ọtụtụ nje nje na àkwá, na-ebute enweghị mmerụ ahụ.

Usoro nke ịgbakọ gbaa ụka na-emebi ihe mkpofu ahịhịa n'ụzọ zuru oke, na gbaa ụka nke akụrụngwa bio-organic na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na usoro mmepụta fatịlaịza organic dum.Mgbakọ zuru oke bụ ihe ndabere maka imepụta fatịlaịza organic dị elu.Igwe composting na-aghọta zuru ezu gbaa ụka na composting nke fatịlaịza, na nwere ike na-aghọta na elu-stacking na gbaa ụka, nke mma ọsọ nke aerobic fermentation.

Enwere ike ikwu na nri anụ ọkụkọ na-emebibeghị nke ọma bụ fatịlaịza dị ize ndụ.

Organic fatịlaịza nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ.Fatịlaịza organic nwere ike ime ka gburugburu ala dị mma, kwalite uto nke microorganisms bara uru, melite ogo na àgwà nke ngwaahịa ugbo, ma kwalite uto nke ihe ọkụkụ.

Njikwa ọnọdụ nke mmepụta fatịlaịza organic bụ mmekọrịta nke ọdịdị anụ ahụ na nke ndu n'oge usoro nhazi, na ọnọdụ nchịkwa na-ejikọta ya na mmekọrịta.

- njikwa mmiri

Mmiri bụ ihe dị mkpa a chọrọ maka nhazi nke organic.N'ime usoro nsị nri, ihe dị n'ime mmiri dị n'ime akụrụngwa compost bụ 40% ruo 70%, nke na-eme ka o doo anya na ọ na-aga n'ihu nke ọma.

- njikwa okpomọkụ

Ọ bụ nsonaazụ microbial ọrụ, nke na-ekpebi mmekọrịta nke ihe.

Compost bụ ihe ọzọ na-achịkwa okpomọkụ.Composting nwere ike ijikwa ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke ihe ahụ, kwalite evaporation, na ịmanye ikuku site na ikpo.

- njikwa oke C/N

Mgbe nha C/N dabara adaba, enwere ike ịme compoting nke ọma.Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ C/N dị oke elu, n'ihi enweghị nitrogen na gburugburu ebe obibi na-eto eto, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmebi nke ihe mkpofu organic ga-ebelata, na-eduga n'ịgba nri nri ogologo oge.Ọ bụrụ na oke C/N dị oke ala, enwere ike iji carbon rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, na oke nitrogen na-efunahụ n'ụdị amonia.Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, kamakwa ọ na-ebelata arụmọrụ nke fatịlaịza nitrogen.

- ikuku ikuku na ikuku oxygen

Ngwakọta nri nri bụ ihe dị mkpa na-eme ka ikuku na ikuku oxygen zuru oke.Isi ọrụ ya bụ inye oxygen dị mkpa maka uto nke microorganisms.A na-edozi okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume site na ịchịkwa ventilashion, na oke okpomọkụ na oge ihe omume nke composting na-achịkwa.

- PH njikwa

Uru PH ga-emetụta usoro nhazi niile.Mgbe ọnọdụ njikwa dị mma, enwere ike ịhazi compost nke ọma.Ya mere, enwere ike ịmepụta fatịlaịza organic dị elu ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka fatịlaịza kacha mma maka osisi.

Ụzọ nke composting.

Ọ bụ omenala ndị mmadụ ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti composting aerobic na compoting anaerobic.Usoro nhazi nke ọgbara ọhụrụ bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi aerobic composting.Nke a bụ n'ihi na composting aerobic nwere uru dị na elu okpomọkụ, dịtụ nke ọma matrix ire ere, obere composting okirikiri, obere isi, na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke n'ibu ọgwụgwọ.Anaerobic composting bụ ojiji nke anaerobic microorganisms iji mechaa decomposition mmeghachi omume, ikuku dịpụrụ adịpụ na compost, okpomọkụ dị ala, usoro dịtụ mfe, ngwaahịa nwere nnukwu ego nke nitrogen, ma composting okirikiri dị ogologo. isi ahụ siri ike, ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ezughị oke ire ere.

A na-ekewa otu ma ọ dị mkpa oxygen, enwere composting aerobic na anaerobic composting;

Otu na-ekewa site na compost okpomọkụ, gụnyere elu okpomọkụ compost na ọkara-okpomọkụ compost;

A na-ekewa otu dị ka ọkwa igwe eji arụ ọrụ siri dị, gụnyere composting ikuku na-emepe emepe na nhazi nhazi.

Dị ka ikuku oxygen na-achọ microorganisms n'oge nhazi nhazi, usoro nhazi ihe nwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ: composting aerobic na anaerobic composting.N'ozuzu, aerobic composting compost nwere oke okpomọkụ, n'ozuzu 55-60 ℃, na oke nwere ike iru 80-90 ℃.Ya mere, aerobic composting ka a na-akpọkwa composting nke okpomọkụ;Anaerobic composting bụ composting site anaerobic microbial gbaa ụka n'okpuru ọnọdụ anaerobic.

1. Ụkpụrụ nke ikuku compost.

① Aerobic composting a rụrụ n'okpuru aerobic ọnọdụ iji edinam nke aerobic microorganisms.N'ime usoro nhazi, ihe ndị na-agbaze na nri anụ ụlọ na-etinye aka ozugbo site na microorganisms site na akpụkpọ anụ sel nke microorganisms;A na-ebu ụzọ adsorbed ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe colloidal organic na-abụghị microorganisms na decomrated n'ime ihe soluble nke enzymes extracellular nke microorganisms zoro ezo, wee banye n'ime sel..

Enwere ike kewaa compposting ikuku ka ọ bụrụ nkebi atọ.

Ogbo okpomọkụ nke etiti.A na-akpọkwa ọkwa mesophilic ọkwa mmepụta okpomọkụ, nke na-ezo aka na mmalite nke usoro nhazi.Okpokoro oyi akwa bụ mesophilic na 15-45 Celsius C.Ihe microorganisms nke Mesophilic na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-eji ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ dị na compost na-arụ ọrụ ndụ siri ike.Ndị a mesophilic microorganisms gụnyere fungi, bacteria na actinomycetes, tumadi dabere na sugars na starches.

②Ogbo okpomọkụ dị elu.Mgbe ikpo ọkụ na-ebili n'elu 45 ℃, ọ ga-abanye na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu.N'oge a, a na-egbochi microorganisms mesophilic ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-anwụ anwụ, ma dochie ya na microorganisms thermophilic.Ihe ndị fọdụrụ na nke a kpụrụ ọhụrụ na-agbaze n'ime compost na-aga n'ihu na-abụ oxidized na recompost, na ihe mgbagwoju anya organic ihe dị na compost, dị ka hemicellulose, cellulose na protein, na-agbazekwa ike.

③Ogbo jụrụ oyi.N'oge ikpeazụ nke gbaa ụka, ọ bụ naanị ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị siri ike na-emebi emebi na humus ọhụrụ ka na-anọgide.N'oge a, ọrụ nke microorganisms na-ebelata, uru calorific na-ebelata, okpomọkụ na-ebelata.Ụmụ nje ndị dị na Mesophilic na-achịkwa ọzọ, ma na-emeziwanye ihe ndị fọdụrụnụ nke siri ike ire ere.Humus na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye ma kwụsie ike, compost na-abanyekwa n'oge ntozu okè, ikuku oxygen na-ebelata nke ukwuu., A na-ebelatakwa ọdịnaya nke mmiri, porosity nke compost na-abawanye, na ike mgbasa ozi oxygen na-abawanye.N'oge a, ọ bụ naanị ikuku ikuku chọrọ.

2. Ụkpụrụ nke compposting anaerobic.

Anaerobic composting bụ ojiji nke anaerobic microorganisms na-eme spoilage gbaa ụka na ire ere n'okpuru anoxic ọnọdụ.Na mgbakwunye na carbon dioxide na mmiri, ngwaahịa ikpeazụ gụnyere amonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane na organic acid ndị ọzọ, gụnyere amonia, hydrogen sulfide na ihe ndị ọzọ O nwere isi ísì ụtọ, na composting anaerobic na-ewe ogologo oge, ọ na-ewekarị ọtụtụ. ọnwa na-ere ere nke ọma.Nri a na-esi n'ubi a na-eme omenala bụ ihe anaerobic composting.

A na-ekewa usoro compposting anaerobic ụzọ abụọ:

Nzọụkwụ mbụ bụ usoro mmepụta acid.Bakteria na-emepụta acid na-eweda nnukwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'ime obere organic acids, acetic acid, propanol na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Nke abụọ ogbo bụ methane mmepụta ogbo.Methanogens na-aga n'ihu na-emebi acid organic ka ọ bụrụ methane gas.

Enweghị oxygen iji sonye na usoro anaerobic, na usoro acidification na-emepụta obere ume.A na-edobe ọtụtụ ume n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ acid organic ma hapụ ya n'ụdị gas methane n'okpuru ọrụ nke nje bacteria methane.A na-eji ọtụtụ usoro mmeghachi omume mara anaerobic composting, ngwa ngwa na ogologo oge.

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