Ihe mkpofu nri na-abawanye ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'ụwa na-eto eto na obodo na-eto eto.A na-atụba ọtụtụ nde tọn nri n'ihe mkpofu gburugburu ụwa kwa afọ.A na-atụfu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 30% nke mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri, ọka, anụ na nri ekpokọtara ọnụ kwa afọ.Ihe mkpofu nri aghọwo nnukwu nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo ọ bụla.Nnukwu ihe mkpofu nri na-akpata mmetọ dị njọ, nke na-emebi ikuku, mmiri, ala na ụdị dị iche iche.N'otu aka ahụ, ihe mkpofu nri na-agbaji anaerobicly iji mepụta ikuku ikuku dị ka methane, carbon dioxide na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ.Ihe mkpofu nri na-emepụta ihe ruru ijeri tọn 3.3 nke ikuku griin haus.N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-atụba ihe mkpofu nri n'ime ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa nke na-eburu nnukwu ala, na-emepụta gas na-ekpofu ahịhịa na ájá na-ese n'elu mmiri.Ọ bụrụ na ejighịzi lechate a na-emepụta n'oge mkpofu ahịhịa nke ọma, ọ ga-ebute mmetọ nke abụọ, mmetọ ala na mmetọ mmiri dị n'ime ala.
Ịkụ ọkụ na mkpofu ahịhịa nwere nnukwu ọghọm, na iji ihe mkpofu nri na-aga n'ihu ga-atụnye aka na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi ma mụbaa ojiji nke akụrụngwa enwere ike imeghari.
Otu esi emepụta ihe mkpofu nri ka ọ bụrụ fatịlaịza organic.
Mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri, ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi, ọka ọka, achịcha, ebe kọfị, akwa akwa, anụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ nwere ike ịmekọ ihe niile.Ihe mkpofu nri bụ ihe pụrụ iche na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe bụ isi ihe na-emepụta ihe ndị dị ndụ.Ihe mkpofu nri na-agụnye ihe dị iche iche kemịkalụ, dị ka starch, cellulose, protein lipids na inorganic salts, na N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, K ụfọdụ Chọpụta ọcha.Ihe mkpofu nri nwere ezigbo biodegradable, nke nwere ike iru 85%.O nwere njiri mara nke ọdịnaya organic dị elu, oke iru mmiri na nri na-edozi ahụ, ma nwee uru nrụpụta dị elu.N'ihi na nri n'efu nwere àgwà nke elu iru mmiri ọdịnaya na anụ ahụ ala njupụta Ọdịdị, ọ dị mkpa mix ọhụrụ nri n'efu na bulking gị n'ụlọnga, nke absorbs ngafe mmiri mmiri na-agbakwụnye Ọdịdị ka mix.
Ihe mkpofu nri nwere ihe dị elu nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, yana protein crude na-aza 15% - 23%, abụba maka 17% - 24%, mineral maka 3% - 5%, Ca maka 54%, sodium chloride maka 3% - 4%, wdg.
Usoro teknụzụ na ngwa ndị metụtara ya maka ntụgharị nke mkpofu nri ka ọ bụrụ fatịlaịza organic.
A maara nke ọma na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke iji ihe mkpofu ala na-eme ihe na-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụfọdụ mba ndị mepere emepe ewepụtala usoro ọgwụgwọ mkpofu nri dị mma.Dị ka ihe atụ, na Jamanị, a na-agwọ ihe mkpofu nri bụ́ isi site na composting na anaerobic fermentation, na-emepụta ihe dị ka nde tọn 5 nke fatịlaịza organic site na mkpofu nri kwa afọ.Site n'ịkwakọba ihe mkpofu nri na UK, ihe dị ka nde tọn 20 nke ikuku CO2 nwere ike ibelata kwa afọ.A na-eji composting ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 95% nke obodo US.Compost nwere ike iweta ọtụtụ uru gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ibelata mmetọ mmiri, uru akụ na ụba na-abakwa ụba.
♦ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ
Mmiri bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke ihe mkpofu nri bụ 70%-90%, nke bụ ntọala nke mmebi ihe mkpofu nri.Ya mere, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ bụ akụkụ kachasị mkpa na usoro ịtụgharị ihe mkpofu nri ka ọ bụrụ fatịlaịza organic.
Ngwa a na-emezi ihe mkpofu nri bụ nzọụkwụ mbụ n'ịgwọ ihe mkpofu nri.Ọ tumadi na-agụnye dewatering Systemà nri Systemà akpaaka Sorting Systemà Solid-Liquid separatorà Mmanụ-mmiri Separatorà In-arịa composter.Enwere ike kewaa isi eruba n'ime usoro ndị a:
1. Ihe mkpofu nri ga-ebu ụzọ bute mmiri n'ihi na ọ nwere oke mmiri.
2. Iwepu ihe mkpofu inorganic site na mkpofu nri, dị ka ọla, osisi, plastik, akwụkwọ, akwa, wdg, site na nhazi.
3. A na-ahazi ihe mkpofu nri ma na-enye nri n'ime ihe nkesa mmiri siri ike maka ịkụpịa, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na nsị.
4. A na-akpọnwụ ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'ihe oriri na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-agbazi ya na okpomọkụ dị elu iji wepụ oke mmiri mmiri na microorganisms pathogenic dị iche iche.Ịdị mma na nkụ nke ihe mkpofu nri chọrọ maka iji nweta compost, na ihe mkpofu nri nwere ike ibuga n'ime arịa dị n'ime composter ozugbo site na ebufe eriri.
5. Mmiri ewepụrụ na mkpofu nri bụ ngwakọta nke mmanụ na mmiri, nkewapụrụ site na mmanụ-mmiri nkewa.A na-edozi mmanụ ahụ kewapụrụ miri emi iji nweta biodiesel ma ọ bụ mmanụ mmepụta ihe.
Ụlọ ihe mkpofu ihe oriri niile nwere uru nke mmepụta dị elu, ọrụ nchekwa, ọnụ ala na obere mmepụta okirikiri.
♦ Compost
tankị gbaa ụkabụ ụdị tank agbachichara nke ọma na-eji teknụzụ ikuku ikuku ikuku dị elu, nke na-edochi teknụzụ stacking compoting ọdịnala.Okpomọkụ dị elu mechiri emechi na usoro nhazi ngwa ngwa na tank na-emepụta compost dị elu, nke enwere ike ịchịkwa ya nke ọma ma kwụsie ike.
A na-ekpuchi ngwongwo n'ime ụgbọ mmiri, na njikwa okpomọkụ bụ isi ihe na-eme n'oge nhazi.A na-enweta nbibi ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndị nwere ike imebi ngwa ngwa site na idowe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ kacha mma maka ụmụ nje.Inweta okpomọkụ dị elu maka ime ka ụmụ nje na-arụ ọrụ na mkpụrụ ahịhịa dị mkpa.gbaa ụka bụ ịgba nke malitere site na ụmụ nje na-apụta n'ụzọ nkịtị na mkpofu nri, ha na-akụrisị ihe compost, na-ahapụ ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ, na-abawanye okpomọkụ ruo 60-70 Celsius C dị mkpa iji gbuo nje na ahịhịa ahịhịa, ma zute. ụkpụrụ maka nhazi ihe mkpofu organic.Nri n'ime arịa nwere oge ire ere kacha ngwa ngwa, nke nwere ike imebi ihe mkpofu nri n'ime ihe dị ka ụbọchị anọ.Mgbe naanị ụbọchị 4-7 gachara, a na-ahapụ compost ahụ, nke na-esighị ísì, na-adị ọcha, ma nwee ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ, ma nwee uru nri kwesịrị ekwesị.
Fatịlaịza organic na-esighị ike na-esi ísì ụtọ, nke composter na-emepụta ọ bụghị nanị na-echekwa ala na-ejuputa iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi, kamakwa ọ ga-eweta ụfọdụ uru akụ na ụba.
♦ granulation
Gfatịlaịza organic ranularna-ekere òkè dị mkpa na atụmatụ inyefe fatịlaịza n'akụkụ ụwa.Isi ihe na-eme ka fatịlaịza organic na-amịpụta mkpụrụ bụ ịhọrọ igwe granulation organic kwesịrị ekwesị.Granulation bụ usoro nke ihe na-akpụ n'ime obere ahụ, ọ enhances ihe onwunwe si nkà na ụzụ Njirimara, gbochie caking na-abawanye eruba Njirimara, na-eme ka o kwe omume ngwa nke obere ego, mmemmem loading, njem, wdg All ngwaọrụ nwere ike mere n'ime mechie organic fatịlaịza. site anyị organic fatịlaịza granulation igwe.The ihe granulation ọnụego nwere ike iru 100%, na organic ọdịnaya nwere ike ịdị elu ka 100%.
N'ihi na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ugbo, urughuru size adabara ojiji nke ahịa dị oké mkpa.Anyị igwe nwere ike na-emepụta organic nri na dị iche iche size, dị ka 0.5mm-1.3mm, 1.3mm-3mm, 2mm-5mm.Granulation nke organic fatịlaịzana-enye ụfọdụ n'ime ụzọ kachasị mma iji jikọta mineral iji mepụta fatịlaịza na-edozi ahụ, na-enye ohere maka nnukwu nchekwa na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, yana inye mfe njikwa na ngwa.Fatịlaịza organic granular na-adaba adaba iji, ha enweghị isi na-adịghị mma, ahịhịa ahịhịa, na nje, na ihe mejupụtara ha bụ nke amara nke ọma.N'iji ya tụnyere nri anụmanụ, ha nwere nitrogen (N) okpukpu 4.3 karịa, phosphorous ugboro anọ (P2O5) yana ihe ruru okpukpu 8.2 karịa potassium (K2O).Fatịlaịza granular na-eme ka ala dị mma site na ịba ụba humus, ọtụtụ ihe na-egosi nrụpụta ala na-emeziwanye: anụ ahụ, kemịkalụ, njirimara ala microbiological na iru mmiri, ikuku, usoro okpomọkụ, yana ihe ọkụkụ.
♦ Akọrọ na jụụ.
Igwe na-ekpocha nkụ na rotaryna-ejikarị ọnụ n'oge organic fatịlaịza mmepụta akara.A na-ewepụ ihe dị n'ime mmiri nke fatịlaịza organic, a na-ebelata okpomọkụ nke granules, na-enweta nzube nke sterilization na deodorization.Nzọụkwụ abụọ a nwere ike belata mfu nke nri na granules na ike urughuru ka mma.
♦ Sieve na ngwugwu.
Usoro nyocha bụ ikewapụ fatịlaịza granular na-erughị eru nke mecharaigwe nyocha rotary drum.A na-eziga fatịlaịza granular na-erughị eru ka ahazi ya ọzọ, ka ọ dị ugbu a, a ga-achịkọta fatịlaịza organic tozuru oke site na ya.igwe nkwakọ ngwaahịa akpaka.
Uru site na nri n'efu organic fatịlaịza
Ịtụgharị ihe mkpofu nri ka ọ bụrụ fatịlaịza organic nwere ike ịmepụta uru akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi nke nwere ike ime ka ahụike ala dịkwuo mma ma nyere aka belata mbuze ma melite ogo mmiri.A pụkwara imepụta gas na mmanụ ihe ndị dị ndụ site na ihe mkpofu nri emegharịrị, nke nwere ike inye aka belataikuku griin hausanwuru na ịdabere na mmanụ ọkụ.
Fatịlaịza organic bụ nri kacha mma maka ala.Ọ bụ ezigbo isi iyi nke nri osisi, gụnyere nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium na micronutrients, nke dị mkpa maka uto osisi.Ọ nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ibelata ụfọdụ pests na ọrịa, kamakwa belata mkpa dị iche iche nke fungicides na kemịkalụ.Fatịlaịza organic dị elua ga-eji ya n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche, gụnyere ọrụ ugbo, ugbo mpaghara na ihe ngosi ifuru na mbara ọha, nke ga-ewetakwara ndị na-emepụta uru akụ na ụba kpọmkwem.
Oge nzipu: Jun-18-2021